Confidence Intervals & P-Values Explained Simply for Medical Students
P-value: The probability of observing results as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is NOT the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
Interpreting Confidence Intervals
- For differences: CI includes 0 → not significant
- For ratios (RR, OR): CI includes 1 → not significant
- Narrow CI → more precise estimate